[NEWS]爱滋病疫苗研究缩小规模，重新起航(已有译文)

Revamping AIDS vaccine research
, Z) F$ z3 ^/ Y) @* n5 cLarge-scale trials of potential AIDS vaccines have come up short. A narrower approach is better.April 1, 2008
4 I# |3 T# h6 r% `: rThe failure of a promising AIDS vaccine -- which not only didn't prevent HIV infection but may have increased susceptibility to the virus -- led to two conflicting calls for action, neither of which got it right. Recipients of grants wanted the vaccine search to go on as before; treatment activists wanted the money stripped from research. The National Institutes of Health appeared to be taking a wiser approach after a conference last week, saying it would continue funding vaccine research. But it is likely to focus on basic research and smaller, less expensive trials.

AIDS is a particularly challenging disease for vaccine research. The virus that causes the disease attacks the immune system, which most vaccines employ to fend off disease. It mutates far more quickly than the flu. There are no people with natural immunity. Little surprise, then, that two big trials of vaccines ended with hopes dashed -- the more recent in September, when researchers called off an international study of a vaccine by drug giant Merck. A third trial, costing more than $100 million, is underway in Thailand. A fourth was about to start.

5 M0 V+ C* E5 _8 KLeaders of the AIDS Healthcare Foundation, based in Los Angeles, lost little time after the Merck trial was halted in calling for vaccine funding to be rerouted to treatment and prevention. But U.S. funding for AIDS vaccine research, less than $700 million a year, is a relative pittance compared with that for treatment and prevention, which stands at more than $15 billion annually and is expected to at least double in the next year.

Because drugs have considerably lengthened the lives of AIDS patients, it's too easy to forget that people can develop resistance to them and suffer significant side effects. The research effort that brought about these treatments was a tremendous achievement, but scientists still have much to learn about the virus.
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It made sense to start the vaccine effort with big clinical trials that, if successful, would have led quickly to drug licensing. The need for a vaccine was urgent. Now, however, we know that these trials cost too much and take too long. The NIH should continue with the fourth vaccine trial but reduce its scope. Agency officials are right to say that the best future for an AIDS vaccine lies in the laboratory and in narrower trials that can point to the most promising paths while they add to our knowledge of the disease.
http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/la-ed-aids1apr01,0,7526326.story

there is still no AIDS vaccine and no cure
( S1 A! n$ }* I1 E! C4 m2 v4 Z" fi am anxious that the aids vaccine can foment promiscuity behavior

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Revamping AIDS vaccine research

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Large-scale trials of potential AIDS vaccines have come up short. A narrower approach is better.April 1, 2008
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' p2 m4 G- K' G+ \7 f+ X6 R2008年4月1日消息：大规模艾滋病疫苗试验遇到困难，小范围的试验效果可能更好。
The failure of a promising AIDS vaccine -- which not only didn't prevent HIV infection but may have increased susceptibility to the virus -- led to two conflicting calls for action, neither of which got it right. Recipients of grants wanted the vaccine search to go on as before; treatment activists wanted the money stripped from research. The National Institutes of Health appeared to be taking a wiser approach after a conference last week, saying it would continue funding vaccine research. But it is likely to focus on basic research and smaller, less expensive trials.
一项被人寄予厚望的艾滋病疫苗研究最终以失败告终，它不但没有起到预防艾滋病毒感染的效果，反而可能已经增加了人们对病毒的易感性，并引起了两派人士的矛盾，他们要求尽快采取行动，但他们都错了。基金的接受者希望该疫苗研究像以前一样继续进行；而治疗的激进人士则要求把基金从该研究中撤出。上周，NIH在经过会议讨论后决定采取一个更明智的办法，并声明将继续为疫苗研究提供基金，但是可能将重点放在基础研究及小规模、少花费的试验上。
AIDS is a particularly challenging disease for vaccine research. The virus that causes the disease attacks the immune system, which most vaccines employ to fend off disease. It mutates far more quickly than the flu. There are no people with natural immunity. Little surprise, then, that two big trials of vaccines ended with hopes dashed -- the more recent in September, when researchers called off an international study of a vaccine by drug giant Merck. A third trial, costing more than $100 million, is underway in Thailand. A fourth was about to start.
6 z7 B7 \" C: x2 V% X& }7 w2 ~! B4 G对疫苗研究来说，艾滋病是一个特殊的具有挑战性的疾病。艾滋病毒攻击人类的免疫系统，它能雇佣绝大多数的疫苗来对抗疾病。但是艾滋病毒变异比流感病毒还快得多，没有人对其有天然的免疫力。对于两个大规模的疫苗试验最终以希望破灭结束的消息，并不让人感到多少吃惊。但在最近九月，当Merck公司要求研究者取消有关一项疫苗的国际研究时，却让人吃了一惊。第三个试验，花费了10多亿美元，目前在泰国正在进行中。而第四个试验也即将启动。



7 B0 w% ^: @/ g6 BLeaders of the AIDS Healthcare Foundation, based in Los Angeles, lost little time after the Merck trial was halted in calling for vaccine funding to be rerouted to treatment and prevention. But U.S. funding for AIDS vaccine research, less than $700 million a year, is a relative pittance compared with that for treatment and prevention, which stands at more than $15 billion annually and is expected to at least double in the next year.
; x. y4 ~: \% o/ _5 ], V8 ]% }在Merck试验被迫停止，并要求疫苗基金转向治疗和预防艾滋病后，位于洛杉矶的艾滋病健康促进基金会的领导人并没有浪费多少时间。但是美国在艾滋病疫苗研究上的基金每年不足70亿美元，与治疗和预防方面的基金比起来相对较少，这导致每年额外需要150亿美元并且预计明年将至少需要今年2倍的钱。
Because drugs have considerably lengthened the lives of AIDS patients, it's too easy to forget that people can develop resistance to them and suffer significant side effects. The research effort that brought about these treatments was a tremendous achievement, but scientists still have much to learn about the virus.
7 o& |  }+ c' ?0 ^由于药物已经相当好地延长了艾滋病人的生命，但是却很难让人忘记患者会对药物产生抗药性并且忍受严重的副作用。带来这些治疗方法的研究成果是一个巨大的成就。但是对于艾滋病毒，科学家仍然还有许多东西需要了解。

It made sense to start the vaccine effort with big clinical trials that, if successful, would have led quickly to drug licensing. The need for a vaccine was urgent. Now, however, we know that these trials cost too much and take too long. The NIH should continue with the fourth vaccine trial but reduce its scope. Agency officials are right to say that the best future for an AIDS vaccine lies in the laboratory and in narrower trials that can point to the most promising paths while they add to our knowledge of the disease.
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- C  w! n$ c4 l1 N$ W用大规模的临床试验来开始疫苗研究是合情合理的，如果试验成功，将很快引起药物注册。对于疫苗的需求是非常急迫的。但是，现在我们知道这些试验花费太大并且历时太长。NIH应该继续第四次疫苗试验，但是减小了它的规模。机构官员说当实验室研究和小规模试验不断增加我们对艾滋病的认识时，艾滋病疫苗最美好的未来就在实验室和指向最有希望道路的小规模试验。
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编译：

  i) R0 ]5 C  s: @" A爱滋病疫苗研究缩小规模，重新起航
2008年4月1日消息：大规模艾滋病疫苗试验遇到困难，小范围的试验效果可能更好。
% I& Q6 q1 e3 D9 Z  P$ q. X: o' y一项被人寄予厚望的艾滋病疫苗研究最终以失败告终，它不但没有起到预防艾滋病毒感染的效果，反而可能已经增加了人们对病毒的易感性，并引起了两派人士的矛盾，他们要求尽快采取行动，但他们都错了。基金的接受者希望该疫苗研究像以前一样继续进行；而治疗的激进人士则要求把基金从该研究中撤出。上周，NIH在经过会议讨论后决定采取一个更明智的办法，并声明将继续为疫苗研究提供基金，但是可能将重点放在基础研究及小规模、少花费的试验上。

3 z! g' Q; X' ~+ _1 H: ]  |8 {对疫苗研究来说，艾滋病是一个特殊的具有挑战性的疾病。艾滋病毒攻击人类的免疫系统，它能雇佣绝大多数的疫苗来对抗疾病。但是艾滋病毒变异比流感病毒还快得多，没有人对其有天然的免疫力。对于两个大规模的疫苗试验最终以希望破灭结束的消息，并不让人感到多少吃惊。但在最近九月，当Merck公司要求研究者取消有关一项疫苗的国际研究时，却让人吃了一惊。第三个试验，花费了10多亿美元，目前在泰国正在进行中。而第四个试验也即将启动。
9 O' L  s6 y. T  B1 T& C
在Merck试验被迫停止，并要求疫苗基金转向治疗和预防艾滋病后，位于洛杉矶的艾滋病健康促进基金会的领导人并没有浪费多少时间。但是美国在艾滋病疫苗研究上的基金每年不足70亿美元，与治疗和预防方面的基金比起来相对较少，这导致每年额外需要150亿美元并且预计明年将至少需要今年2倍的钱。
由于药物已经相当好地延长了艾滋病人的生命，但是却很难让人忘记患者会对药物产生抗药性并且忍受严重的副作用。带来这些治疗方法的研究成果是一个巨大的成就。但是对于艾滋病毒，科学家仍然还有许多东西需要了解。
0 l& W* Q# A6 Q6 d6 X1 Q3 O1 f
' @. _2 t' q4 l, y: s: V& {用大规模的临床试验来开始疫苗研究是合情合理的，如果试验成功，将很快引起药物注册。对于疫苗的需求是非常急迫的。但是，现在我们知道这些试验花费太大并且历时太长。NIH应该继续第四次疫苗试验，但是减小了它的规模。机构官员说当实验室研究和小规模试验不断增加我们对艾滋病的认识时，艾滋病疫苗最美好的未来就在实验室和指向最有希望道路的小规模试验。
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