非膳食来源益生元/益生菌摄入量
营养
定义
非膳食来源益生元/益生菌摄入量（nondietary prebiotic/probiotic intake），指通过膳食补充剂、功能性食品或药品等非日常食物途径摄入的益生元和益生菌成分含量。与来源于发酵乳制品、泡菜、纳豆等天然食品的膳食摄入不同，这类摄入主要依赖于市售的胶囊、片剂、粉剂等形式的补充剂。
测量
目前，益生菌产品不受美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）监管，唯一例外为益生元产品乳果糖。NHANES参与者中益生菌补充剂的使用情况通过食物频率问卷及访谈前30天内的“30天膳食补充剂使用问卷”进行评估。我们依据O'Connor学者文献中提出的检索策略[1]识别益生元与益生菌产品（O'Connor等人，2021）。在分析中，仅统计了益生菌使用者在人群中的百分比，未对具体摄入量进行量化。
检索
O'Connor学者文献中提出的检索策略[2]：
| Search object | Search terms |
|---|---|
| 益生元 Prebiotic | "ACADIA GUM", "CHICOR", "GLUCAN", "GUM ARABIC","INULIN", "LACTULOSE", "OLIGOFRUC", "OLIGOSAC", "POLYDEXTROSE", "PREBIOTIC", "PRE-BIOTIC", "PRE-BIOTIC","PSYLLIUM", "RESISTANT STARCH", "WHEAT DEXTRIN" |
| 益生菌 Probiotic | "ACIDOPHILUS", "ANIMALIS", "BACILLUS", "BACILLI","BIFIDOBACTERI", "BIFIDUM", "BOULARDII", "BREVE", "BREVIS", "BUCHNERI", "BULGARICUS", "BUTYRICUM","CASEI", "CAUCASICUS", "CEREVISIAE","CLAUSII", "CLOSTRIDI", "COAGULANS", "CORYNIFORMIS","CRISPATUS", "DELBRUECKII", "ESCHERICH", "E.COLT","ECOLI", "E COLI", "ENTEROCOCCUS", "FAECALIS", "FAECIUM","FERMENTUM", "FLORENTINUS", "GASSERI", "HELVETICUS","INFANTIS", "JOHNSONII", "LACTIS", "LACTIC ACID BACTERIA","LACTOBACILL", "LACTOCOCCUS", "LEICHMANNII", "LEUCONOSTOC", "LICHENIFORMIS", "LONGUM","MESENTERIC", "MITIS", "NISSLE", "OLIGONITROPHILUS", "ORALIS", "PARACASEI", "PEDIOCOCUS", "PLANTARUM","PROBIOTIC", "PRO-BIOTIC", "PRO BIOTIC", "PROPIONIBACTERI", "RATTUS", "REUTERI", "RHAMNOSUS","SACCHAROMYC", "SALIVARIUS", "SANGUIS", "STEAROTHERMOPHILUS", "STREPTOCOCCUS", "SUBTILIS","THERMOPHILUS" |
