流感大流行的特征与挑战 翻译招募

A pandemic is a global disease outbreak. It is determined by how the disease spreads, not how many deaths it causes.
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When a new influenza A virus emerges, a flu pandemic can occur. Because the virus is new, the human population has little to no immunity against it. With no immunity in the population, the virus spreads quickly from person-to-person worldwide.

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Characteristics and Challenges of a Flu Pandemic
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. l3 X7 L  e- G9 w1.Rapid Worldwide Spread
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) m, Q' k) m. t! Q: A◦When a pandemic flu virus emerges, expect it to spread around the world.
$ Z9 W/ U  Q9 Q6 z$ p$ e6 S◦You should prepare for a pandemic flu as if the entire world population is susceptible.
. `, a* b7 W/ |% @! Y◦Countries may try to delay the pandemic flu’s arrival through border closings and travel restrictions but they cannot stop it.
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2.Overloaded Health Care Systems

◦Most people have little to no immunity to a pandemic virus. Infection and illness rates soar. A substantial percentage of the world’s population will require some form of medical care.
0 U* t; i2 D7 U) \◦Nations are unlikely to have the staff, facilities, equipment, and hospital beds needed to cope with the number of people who get the pandemic flu.
◦Death rates may be high. Four factors largely determine the death toll:
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•The number of people who become infected
) `! m2 o* F9 E0 Z•The strength of the virus
  U, L( D' o6 t8 _; Y( V! k' ]1 b" L•The underlying characteristics and vulnerability of affected populations
•The effectiveness of preventive measures
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# u: X& Z& _1 }4 o$ S7 f◦Past pandemics spread globally in two or sometimes three waves.
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$ {6 W1 m7 U) u: ?0 h  I3.Inadequate Medical Supplies
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8 s# I; o# T6 G, h, }) ]◦The need for vaccines is likely to be larger than the supply. Those at highest risk will likely get the vaccine first.
4 v: N$ J+ t: h" c9 ?. W3 k◦Early in a pandemic, the need for antiviral medications is likely to be larger than the supply. Those at highest risk will likely get antiviral medications first.
◦A pandemic can create a shortage of hospital beds, ventilators, and other supplies. Alternative sites, such as schools, may serve as medical facilities to manage demand.

4.Disrupted Economy and Society

◦Travel bans, event cancellations, and school and business closings could have a major impact on communities and citizens.
◦Caring for sick family members and fear of exposure could result in significant employee absenteeism.

5 X8 s8 K) v0 d# t1 @, H6 b3 b8 \0 M8 C. O9 U来源：http://www.flu.gov/pandemic/global/index.html

疾病大流行就是指疾病在全球范围内爆发，这种爆发由疾病的传播方式决定而非由此引起的死亡人数多少。
当一个新的A流行病毒出现时，流感就会发生。因为这种病毒是新出现的，人群对这种病毒的免疫力非常弱，因此，这种病毒会在人群之间造成人与人之间的世界范围的传播。
疾病大流行的特点和挑战
1 快速世界范围内的传播
当一种大流行病毒出现，它会在世界范围内传播；
你应该为大流行做准备就像整个世界的易感人群一样；
4 [( V. }' T* l, R1 [国家只可能会通过关闭国境和旅游限制来延缓大流行的到来但不能让这种流行停止；
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大部分人对疾病大流行病毒的抵抗力弱，感染率和疾病率迅速上升，很大一部分比例的人口能够获得医疗保健；
国家不可能将所需的人员、设备、设施、床位等来处理受到感然的人群；
死亡率可能会很高，有四个因素从很大程度上决定了死亡总数：
被感染的人口数量
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: m% F9 S; [1 s% r. N2 l被感染人群的潜在特征和脆弱程度
预防措施的效果
3 F7 }& d/ n  d; a& G过去的疾病大流行在群球范围内传播通过两种有时是三种方式
3 医疗供给不足
对疫苗的需求远远超过了供给，那些高危人群很愿意第一时间获得疫苗
疾病大流行早期，对抗病毒药物的需求也很可能远超供给，那些高危人群很愿意第一时间获得抗病毒药物
4 d( t5 M3 s4 h! O5 Z$ d: ?一种大流行会造成医院床位、工具和其他供给的短缺，通过转换地点比如学校，可能会用作医疗方面来满足需求
2 o3 q, Q' C1 O7 j6 J; C4扰乱经济和社会秩序
+ X6 f3 R3 c: ~7 w旅游受限，事情取消以及学校和商业的关门停业会对社区和市民造成很大的影响
对病人家庭的照顾以及害怕暴露在疾病环境中会导致医务人员明显的不足

更新：本篇已被认领并翻译完毕。[tthread=epiman, 公卫人]http://app.qlogo.cn/mbloghead/b2d094daa41c996b1b28[/tthread]