世卫组织称长期用手机可能致癌建议青少年慎用

iavjssssmqee · 发表于 2011-6-2 10:28:55

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世界卫生组织下属的国际癌症研究中心联合发表报告称，一些癌症(特别是神经胶质瘤)与手机可能有联系，而神经胶质瘤是脑癌的一种。至于其它类型的癌症是否与手机有联系则无法确定。
　　国际癌症研究中心当天发表声明说，这是由31名科学家组成的一个工作组得出的结论。过去一周，这个工作组在法国里昂评估了暴露在射频电磁场环境中人和动物等所受健康影响的大量过往研究资料，并认为基于现有的有限数据，长期、高强度使用无线通信设备“可能导致”罹患神经胶质瘤。
　　国际癌症研究中心将手机划为2B类别，也就是“有限影响”类别，工作组董事长、南加州大学教授、奥巴马总统国家癌症顾问委员会成员萨米特( Jonathan Samet)在声明中说：“可能有风险，我们需要对手机和癌症的联系进行进一步的观察。”汽油、咖啡、船用柴油机燃料都是2B类别，2B类别的东西则是指对癌症有一些风险的东西。
　　据悉，目前使用无线通信设备对于人体影响的科学研究目前集中在两个方面：
　　一是微波加热现象对人体组织的危害。使用过微波炉的人会注意到，当特定的电磁波辐射到含有水分的食品上时，食物温度将上升。部分科学家怀疑，在使用手机时，辐射出的电磁波会加热人体组织，并造成伤害。
　　二是非加热情况下电磁波的伤害。对此，科学家曾做过的具体研究又分两种。首先是电磁波可能引起血管收缩。瑞典林雪平大学物理学家塞内里乌斯发现，细胞内的水分子带有极弱的电性，并由此构成了细胞之间的引力。这种引力通常极为微弱，但在手机电磁场的影响下会急剧增强。塞内里乌斯推测，这种变化足以引起人体血管收缩，并造成伤害。
　　虽然部分调查结果认为，使用手机与癌症之间没有因果关系，但面对潜在威胁，最好的应对方法之一还是作好预防。在诸多预防措施中，世界卫生组织和多国政府都特别强调的是，青少年应该慎用手机。青少年的耳朵和颅骨比成年人更小、更薄，他们在使用手机时，脑部吸收的辐射比成年人要高出50%。

http://health.dzwww.com/jkxw/jrxw/201106/t20110602_6394325.htm

iavjssssmqee · 发表于 2011-6-2 10:30:17

Effects of Cell Phone Radiofrequency Signal Exposure on Brain Glucose Metabolism

Conclusions In healthy participants and compared with
no exposure, 50-minute cell phone exposure was associated with increased brain
glucose metabolism in the region closest to the antenna. This finding is of
unknown clinical significance.

手机影响脑细胞却未必一定致癌

据新加坡《联合早报》24日报道，美国科学家发现，只要用手机紧贴着耳朵打电话50分钟，大脑中最靠近手机天线的部位脑细胞的活动会出现变化。

美国国家卫生院的研究人员指出，此项研究尚无法断定手机辐射会导致脑癌。

卫生院的医生沃尔高说：“我们发现，最接近天线的脑部葡萄糖代谢(脑活动征兆)增加。”

此项研究的重点是确定脑部对无线电话产生的电磁场的反应。沃尔高说，脑部对此微弱的电磁场有反应，让她觉得惊讶。但她说，研究并未能让他们了解，使用手机会否引发癌症。

自上世纪八十年代手机面世以来，全球在使用的手机已达约50亿部。

有些研究显示，使用手机会提高使用者患脑癌的风险，但世界卫生组织进行的调查并未得出这样的结论。

据美国国家卫生院小组在《美国医学会杂志》（JAMA）所发表的报告，他们在2009年的一整年里，研究了47人在手机开着与关上时脑部的不同反应。研究员先把手机放在研究对象的左耳与右耳，进行两次阳电子发射断层扫描(PET-scan)，第一次扫描时，右耳的手机开着50分钟，但音量为静音状态；第二次扫描进行时，两台手机都关机。

研究报告说，手机开着时，最接近手机天线的脑部，脑葡萄糖代谢率增加了7%；手机关着的一边，没有此现象。葡萄糖代谢增加，是脑细胞在活动的征兆。

报告说：“研究结果显示，人脑对手机的射频电磁场(radiofrequency-modulated
electromagnetic
field，简称RF-EMF)，产生反应。”但报告指出，手机电磁场对脑部有何影响，会否造成“长期有害的后果”，有待进一步的研究去确定。

报告说，就手机使用与脑癌诱发进行的流行病学研究，没有得出一致的结果。

iavjssssmqee · 发表于 2011-6-2 10:30:55

美国有线电视新闻网相关报道

(***) – The 2005 movie “Thank You for Smoking,” which
follows the travails of a media spin doctor for Big Tobacco, ends with our
antihero in a boardroom of a new industry client. “So be straight with me – is
it true?” he asks the executives in the room.

Muddled, nervous crosstalk ensues until the PR guru raises his hand.

“Look, gentlemen – practice these words in front of the mirror: ‘Although we
are constantly exploring the subject, currently there is no evidence that links
cell phone usage to brain cancer’.”

The executives audibly sigh with relief.

They aren’t sighing today. On Tuesday the
World Health Organization announced that mobile phones are now being
categorized as a “possible carcinogen.” The European Environmental Agency has
pushed for more studies, saying cell phones could be as big a public health risk
as smoking, asbestos and leaded gasoline.

The impact is potentially huge: According to a July
study by Ericsson showed there were 5 billion cell phone subscriptions
worldwide – compared to about 720 million in 2000.

Wireless industry was quick to respond, with the CTIA-The Wireless
Association responded to Tuesday's announcement saying it "does not mean cell
phones cause cancer,” adding the WHO “did not conduct any new research, but
rather reviewed published studies."

The group
writes: “IARC (the WHO’s International Agency for Research on Cancer)
conducts numerous reviews and in the past has given the same score to, for
example, pickled vegetables and coffee … Under IARC rules, limited evidence from
statistical studies can be found even though bias and other data flaws may be
the basis for the results.”

The manufacturers of handsets have already positioned themselves on this
contentious issue. The Apple iPhone 4 safety manual says users' radiation
exposure should not exceed FCC guidelines: "When using iPhone near your body for
voice calls or for wireless data transmission over a cellular network, keep
iPhone at least 15 millimeters (5/8 inch) away from the body."

BlackBerry Bold advises users to "keep the BlackBerry device at least 0.98
inch (25 millimeters) from your body when the BlackBerry device is
transmitting."

The idea is to create space that reduces direct contact with radiation,
especially the head. Experts
also suggest using speakerphone or an earpiece for calls.

But with the growing chorus from medical circles of a perceived threat, could
the WHO’s announcement be a watershed moment such as the 1964 U.S. Surgeon
General’s report on the cancer risk of smoking? Could a raft of class action
lawsuits hit the industry as the tobacco industry saw in the 1990s?

http://business.blogs.***.com/2011/06/01/can-mobile-phone-industry-afford-to-miss-cancer-call/?iref=allsearch

iavjssssmqee · 发表于 2011-6-2 10:31:14

No Change in Brain Tumor Incidence During a Time When
Cell Phone Usage Increased
There was no substantial change in brain tumor incidence among adults
5 to 10 years after cell phone usage sharply increased, according to a new brief
communication published online December 3 in the Journal of the National
Cancer Institute.
Although cell phone use has been proposed as a risk factor for brain
tumors, a biological mechanism to explain this association is not known.
Isabelle Deltour, Ph.D., of the Institute of Cancer Epidemiology,
Danish Cancer Society, in Copenhagen, and colleagues analyzed annual incidence
rates of glioma and meningioma among adults aged 20–79 years from Denmark,
Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Researchers identified 60,000 patients who were
diagnosed with these types of brain tumors between 1974 and 2003.
The researchers found that incidence rates over this 30 year-period
were stable, decreased, or continued a gradual increase that started before the
introduction of cell phones. They also found no change in incidence trends in
brain tumors from 1998 to 2003. The authors say this finding may be due to one
of several reasons: that the induction period relating cell phone use to brain
tumors exceeds 5–10 years; that the increased risk in this population is too
small to be observed; that the increased risk is restricted to subgroups of
brain tumors or cell phone users; or that there is no increased risk.
The authors did not assess cell phone usage at the individual level
during this time period, only brain tumor incidence.
“Because of the high prevalence of mobile phone exposure in this
population and worldwide, longer follow-up of time trends in brain tumor
incidence rates are warranted,” the authors write.

Next Section[/url]
Contacts:

Danish Cancer Society: Helle Falborg, hfa@cancer.dk, +45 35257520

STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority: Riikka
Laitinen-Sorvari, riikka.laitinen-sorvari@stuk.fi

Karolinska Institutet: Katarina Sternudd, katarina.sternudd@ki.se, 08-524 838
95,

Norwegian Protection Radiation Authority: Dag Fedoy, dag.andreas.fedoy@nrpa.no, +47
67162550

研究称使用手机与患脑瘤无关

丹麦研究人员在北欧国家进行的长达30年的大型研究结果显示，使用手机和得脑肿瘤之间没有关系。

据报道，丹麦癌症协会自1974年到2003年间，在丹麦、芬兰、挪威、瑞典四国20岁到79岁人群当中进行了大规模、长时间的调查，调查结果于本周四发表在丹麦《国家癌症研究院期刊》上。此项研究时间跨度长达30年之久，几乎涵盖斯堪的纳维亚半岛的全部1600万成年人口，是一项大型的调查研究。

丹麦癌症协会在北欧四国调查罹患神经胶质瘤和脑膜瘤这两种脑瘤人群的年发病率。这些国家均有较完善的癌症患者登记记录。调查显示，在这30年里，有近6万人被诊断出脑瘤。

尽管研究一直没有找出相关证据，但仍有人担心使用手机与包括脑瘤在内的几种癌症有关。此次的研究结果显示，虽然上世纪90年代起，北欧使用手机的人数大幅度攀升，但同期脑瘤发病率并没有变得更高。

丹麦癌症协会此项研究的负责人表示，“我们没有发现在1998年到2003年间的任何人群里，脑瘤发病率的长期趋势出现任何变化。”

不过，研究者确实发现北欧地区人们罹患脑瘤的机率有稳步小幅上升趋势，但该趋势是从1974年开始的，那时离手机问世还很远。

[url]http://paper.sciencenet.cn//htmlpaper/20091215101822298024.shtm

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[公告] 世卫组织称长期用手机可能致癌 建议青少年慎用

注册后推荐绑定QQ，之后方才可以使用下方的“用QQ帐号登录”。

[公告] 世卫组织称长期用手机可能致癌建议青少年慎用