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10 How much can a human lift? % _0 d8 S# k0 Z, i. V/ p
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In the heaviest dead lift recorded, British weightlifter Andy Bolton lifted 457.5 kilograms from the floor to his thigh./ S7 \1 j2 u. W) Z% s
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Strongmen like Bolton are perhaps five or six times stronger than the average man, who will often struggle to lift 45 kilograms over his head, says Dan Wathen, an athletics trainer at Youngstown State University, Ohio. The record for an overhead lift is 263.5 kilograms.8 H! d/ p$ W* V: y
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So what is the maximum weight a human could ever lift? Todd Schroeder at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles thinks we are already close to the maximum. "If you look over time at the records for maximal lifts, they have crept up but are starting to plateau," he says. "Today's weightlifters, including those that use steroids, are near the limit of human potential."
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It is the muscles that set the limit. Most failures to lift a given amount do not damage the body: the weightlifter simply cannot overcome a load. But in cases where something does give way, it is usually the muscle fibres that tear, often near the tendon.Similarly, it is control of the muscles that gives weightlifters their advantage. The body has natural inhibitory mechanisms designed to keep us from hurting ourselves by trying to lift too much. These work by controlling how many muscle fibres are activated at any one time.
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Weightlifters learn to suppress these signals, enabling them to use a larger fraction of the muscle's potential in lifting.Beyond that, the key to success is training, though genetics plays a role. Short limbs favour strength, says Wathen, a former weightlifter, and some people have more muscle fibres than others.: ^: D5 ^0 |% T5 P, O1 s+ @ q
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10.人类最多能够举起多大的重量?
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7 V3 L8 l0 m9 X% K+ e! J世界硬举纪录由英国举重达人安迪·博尔顿创造。他将457.5公斤的重物从地面提到大腿部位。美国俄亥俄州扬斯敦州立大学体育教练丹·瓦瑟表示,像博尔顿这样的大力士力量可能是普通的人的5倍或者6倍,普通人将45公斤的重物举过头顶就已经很吃力了。过顶举重纪录为263.5公斤。
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人类所能举起的最大重量是多少呢?美国洛杉矶南加州大学的托德·斯库罗德认为,我们已经接近所能达到的极限。他说:“回顾以往的举重纪录你会发现,虽然成绩不断提高,但已开始达到稳定水平。现在的举重运动员,包括那些服用类固醇的运动员已经接近人类体能的极限。”) R% p/ W. C9 m2 L/ O0 N
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最终能够举起多大重量取决于肌肉。在举重比赛中,绝大多数试举失败都不会让身体遭受损伤,因为举重运动员因无法承受所要的重量选择放弃。但如果强行试举,失败则经常造成肌肉纤维撕裂,通常是腱附近的纤维。
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( K1 v+ u5 {1 g能够有效控制肌肉让举重运动员获得优势。人体拥有天然的抑制机制,保护身体因所举重量过重受到损伤。这项工作通过控制 一次参与举重的肌肉纤维数量加以实现。举重运动员经过训练懂得如何抑制这些信号,进而在更大程度上发挥肌肉潜能。除了这种控制外,成功的另一个关键因素就是训练。当然了,遗传因素也扮演着重要角色。瓦瑟曾经是一名举重运动员。他说:“四肢短小的人力量更大,一些人的肌肉纤维数量也要超过其他人。” ' O! ~" E# W4 \8 j C
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